MAPK1 and diabetes mellitus: – Cell cycle regulation and promoting apoptosis– Apoptotic effect by inducing ROS production and increasing MAPK and JNK activity of p38– Activates SIRT1 to modulate antioxidant and lipolytic effect of BBR in diabetes– Activating SIRT1/BBR decrease FOXO1 acetylation, triggering antiapoptotic signaling pathways via Bcl‐2 expression, and Bax and caspase‐3 downregulation