An even more striking effect was observed in a study by Chiang et al., in which SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with lower risks of overall dementia (HR: 0.66; CI: 0.59-0.74), degenerative dementia (HR: 0.68; CI: 0.60-0.76), and vascular dementia (HR: 0.59, CI: 0.49-0.70) compared to DPP-4 inhibitor use in the same propensity-matched cohort [5]. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is dementia.