The findings indicated significant variations in K02913 (L33 ribosomal protein), K03088 (σ70 RNA polymerase), K02914 (L34 ribosomal protein), K07473 (DNA damage repair protein J), and K02961 (S17 ribosomal protein) across different stages of obesity (Figure 6A).The L33 protein (K02913) analysis revealed that the normal and grade I obesity groups were predominantly influenced by Faecalibacterium, whereas Blautia was the principal contributor in the overweight and moderately severe obesity groups (grade II/III) (Figure 6B). Here, RPS17 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.