Recent studies highlight NLRP3 inflammasome, PPAR subtypes, and JAK/STAT signaling as key therapeutic targets, given their critical roles in regulating inflammation, autophagy, EMT, and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (Yang et al., 2021; Gao and Gu, 2022; Liu et al., 2023). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.