Comparative studies between historical populations and modern genomic datasets offer a promising avenue to investigate long-term patterns of host-pathogen co-evolution, particularly in genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, such as TLR2, NOD2, IL6, and IFNGR1, which have been previously implicated in differential responses to mycobacterial and opportunistic infections [Hu and Spaink, 2022, Joseph and Lindo, 2022, Landes et al., 2015]. The gene discussed is IFNGR1; the disease is Opportunistic infection.