After binding to the two receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, it can activate multiple signaling pathways such as Wnt and NF-κB, initiating immune responses (71).In a prospective study, it was observed that the levels of TNF-α in the serum and aqueous humor of patients with uveitis were elevated, with a significantly higher concentration of TNF-α in the aqueous humor of HLA-B27 positive patients compared to HLA-B27 negative patients (72). Here, TNF is linked to uveitis.