TNF and breast cancer: The principal strength of this study lies in its pioneering application of multimodal AFM to investigate TNF-α mediated calcium dysregulation in breast cancer cells at unprecedented resolution.​​ By integrating four complementary AFM modalities, SMRI, SMFS, CAFM, and KPFM, the research achieves simultaneous nanoscale spatial mapping, picoNewton level force sensitivity, picoampere current precision, and millivolt surface potential accuracy.