NPPB and atrial fibrillation: Across 393 patients with IS (100 with CI and 293 without CI), univariate analysis identified significant differences in multiple parameters, including age, vital signs, cardiac biomarkers (BNP, CK-MB, cardiac troponin I), inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, LDH), renal function (BUN, creatinine), coagulation markers (D-dimer), and comorbidities (atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, heart failure) between the groups (p < 0.05).