KEAP1 and kidney disorder: Although the last decade has seen a dramatic increase in approved drugs to treat kidney diseases, these treatments are not expected to curb the rise in kidney diseases and the need for organ transplantation.4,5 Major areas being explored for kidney disease treatments include immune cell regulation and the Nrf2 Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1) signaling pathway.6 Several immune cells including T cells have been extensively studied in kidney diseases and linked to Nrf2/Keap1 signaling.6 There is less known about MDSCs, their link to Nrf2/Keap1, and contribution to kidney diseases.