STAT3 and cancer: introduced functional groups such as tumor-targeting peptide cRGD, cell-penetrating and lysosomal escape peptide 9 R, and redox-responsive disulfide bonds into polyacrylamide nanohydrogels, which could successfully release STAT3 siRNA response into CT26, promoting STAT3 gene silencing and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation (Figure 6) (Yu et al., 2024).