AKT1 and melanoma: In metabolically active melanoma cells, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a significant feature (39), while the antioxidant enzyme GPX2 maintains intracellular redox homeostasis by clearing ROS, directly promoting the survival and proliferation of melanoma cells (40); In addition, considering that ROS is an important messenger for key signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF - κ B (41–43), GPX2 may indirectly affect these pathways by regulating ROS levels, thereby regulating the fate of tumor cells.