TP53 and neoplasm: Since genetic alterations in signaling pathways that control cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, and cell growth are common hallmarks of cancer we analyzed oncogenic signaling pathways (cell cycle, Hippo, Myc, Notch, Nrf2, PI-3-Kinase/Akt, RTK-RAS, TGFβ signaling, p53 and β-catenin/WNT) comprising a total of 266 genes (14), in both tumor and germline DNA.