In summary, these findings indicate that the dysfunction of biomolecular condensates initiates IAPP aggregation, which acts as a central mechanism in type 2 diabetes by linking oxidative stress, increased β-cell stress and apoptosis, toxic oligomer formation, proteasome dysfunction, and the promotion of chronic inflammation (Moya-Gudiño et al., 2025). Here, IAPP is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.