TNF and breast carcinoma: Several in vitro studies report that sea buckthorn extracts from seeds, berries, leaves, or juice inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis via mechanisms such as CASP3, IGFBP4, GADD34 modulation, cell cycle arrest, and TNF–NF‐κB signaling inhibition (Olas et al. 2018), (Xu et al. 2024).