Hypoxia stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium release, activating inflammatory pathways (e.g., AP-1, STAT3, and MAPK) and increasing cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1 [26–28], thereby exacerbating airway inflammation and lung ischemia–reperfusion injury. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is inflammation.