DDIT3 and glioblastoma: Sulforaphane selectively triggers apoptosis in GBM cells through activation of the ATF4–CHOP axis [129], whereas the proteasome inhibitor marizomib upregulates ERS markers such as GRP78, IRE1α, and CHOP to induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, independent of ROS and autophagy [130].