Higher intake of fatty fish and fish, or adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, has been associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia or AD among APOE ε4 noncarriers.23-25 By contrast, adverse associations between dementia risk and a refined carbohydrate-rich diet, or a Western dietary pattern, have been reported among APOE ε4 carriers.25,26 However, no interaction with APOE ε4 status was observed for cheese.15 Differences in sample size (most studies had fewer than 400 all-cause dementia cases), participant age, diet pattern, and types of food may explain these discrepancies. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.