TF and renal cell carcinoma: Subsequently, we adopt a previously used mixed effect model39 to identify the association between a given TF and risk of RCC (or its subtypes) as:Zij=β0+β1Fij+Ri+εijwhere Zij is the probit transformed RCC (or its subtypes)-association p-value for the jth SNP in the ith LD block, Fij is the “occupancy” of the TF of interest, a variable taking values 1 when the jth SNP in the ith LD block overlaps with a ChIP-seq peak for the TF of interest and 0 otherwise; Ri is a random effect term for the ith LD block, capturing within-block correlation.