Additionally, within the male Pink1−/− vocal fold, there were 134 annotated differentially expressed genes and observed enrichment in the biological pathways including Parkinson’s disease (Casp7, Pink1); Parkin-Ubiquitin proteasome degradation (Psmd12, Psmd7); MAPK signaling (Casp7, Ppm1b, Ppp3r1); and inflammatory TNF-α, NF-κB Signaling (Casp7, Psmd12, Psmd7, Cdc34, Bcl7a, Peg3)86. Here, PRKN is linked to Parkinson disease.