EPCAM and breast cancer: A combination of dual magnetic nanoprobes and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-catalytic hair pin assembly (CRISPR-CHA) in an electrochemical assay, developed by Yang et al., offered an ultrasensitive and high-precision detection of breast cancer cell-derived EVs (BC-EVs) via specific surface markers HER2 and EpCAM that reached a limit of detection (LOD) of only 220 particles/mL in validation with BT-474 EVs (Figure 5A) (Yang et al., 2025).