PRDX1 and neoplasm: While our in vitro experiments in MHCC-97H and SNU-449 cells provide crucial mechanistic evidence linking STMN1/PRDX1 to this axis, and we have strengthened the reliability of our conclusions by mutually validating key findings across these two distinct cell lines, we nevertheless acknowledge that these established cell line models cannot fully replicate the intricate tumor microenvironment, cellular heterogeneity, and immune interactions present in vivo.