As shown in Figure 1, CD40 expression was decreased in transitional B cells, naïve B cells, and both unswitched and switched memory B cells in individuals with RIS compared to the CIS/MS group and HC (p<0.001 for all comparisons, except for the comparison between the RIS and CIS/MS groups, which showed p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed for plasmablasts or Bregs. This evidence concerns the gene CD40 and in situ carcinoma.