Therefore, to test whether activation of AHR signaling in the AD models restore the protective effect mediated by skin commensals, we topically applied for 18h BCM SE, the AHR ligand FICZ, or the combination of both to 3D skin models with either a healthy or an AD phenotype before we topically applied S. aureus to the models for 18h and subsequently analyzed CFUs (Figures 3D, E). Here, AHR is linked to Alzheimer disease.