They demonstrated that the higher values of BMI, WHR, leptin, glycated hemoglobin, CRP and lower levels of adiponectin were jointly associated with widespread patterns of decreased GM volume in temporal, frontal and occipital lobe, sub-cortical regions, and cerebellum, suggesting a shared basis among obesity, inflammation, endocrine regulation of appetite and brain alterations (Beyer et al., 2019b). This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.