Dietary intake of such products may elevate total and free estradiol levels while reducing sex hormone-binding globulin levels, ultimately exerting adverse effects on PMS (39).These findings highlight the importance of dietary modifications—such as reducing intake of red meat, poultry, high-calorie foods, caffeine, and sodium—along with appropriate nutrient supplementation (e.g., vitamin B6, calcium, zinc) for populations in high-burden regions and high-risk age groups for PMS. The gene discussed is SHBG; the disease is premenstrual tension.