These methods include the use of small molecules that block the TGF-β signaling pathway, anti-TGF-β antibodies, TGF-β traps, antisense oligonucleotides targeting TGF-β, and TGF-β receptor inhibitors.13,14 However, these systemic strategies block TGF-β signaling in all cell types, including tumor and normal cells, which could interfere with physiological TGF-β functions that are vital for tissue homeostasis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.