TTR and COVID-19: However, notable late-stage successes, such as Patisiran’s approval for hATTR and the rapid deployment of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 vaccines, validate the translational potential of these platforms.129 The APOLLO trial established Patisiran’s 0.3 mg/kg every-three-weeks regimen as optimal, achieving an 81% reduction in pathogenic TTR levels, while the COVID-19 vaccines highlighted the pivotal role of ionisable lipids (e.g. SM-102, ALC-0315) in enhancing efficacy and stability.130