TLR2 and colitis: The LA1 effect on TJ barrier function was shown to be mediated by the Toll-like receptor-2/TLR-1 and TLR-2/TLR-6 heterodimeric complex and had a protective effect against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in wild-type mice, where these effects were abolished in TLR-2 knockout mice (Al-Sadi et al., 2021b).