This dynamic regulation of histone acetylation status directly dictates the transcriptional activity of genes controlling inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cell proliferation in vascular cells, thereby establishing histone acetylation/deacetylation as a central epigenetic axis in atherosclerotic pathogenesis (Table 1 for a summary of the HAT/HDAC families involved in atherosclerosis). Here, TMPRSS11D is linked to atherosclerosis.