To further clarify the influencing factors of acute exacerbation in patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease, this study used “whether acute exacerbation occurred” as the dependent variable (exacerbation = 1, no exacerbation = 0), and selected representative variables from four dimensions including pulmonary function, inflammatory and immune status, complications, and treatment methods as independent variables for binary Logistic regression analysis. This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and interstitial lung disease.