Collectively, our results elucidate the multi-target anti-asthmatic mechanisms of Fructus Xanthii, involving modulation of inflammation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and immune balance through pathways such as HSP90AB1/IL6/TNF and PI3K-AKT, thereby providing robust scientific evidence for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in asthma management. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is asthma.