Other potential targets of Cornus officinalis in PD treatment include ESR1, PPARG, SRC, PTGS2, and HSP90AA1, which are associated with the amelioration of inflammatory responses (Semenova et al., 2023; Smajic et al., 2022; Titus et al., 2024; Yang et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and Parkinson disease.