CIGs mitigate neuroinflammation in autoimmune encephalitis and traumatic brain injury by inhibiting the JAK/STAT and NF-κB/STAT3 pathways, while protecting against white matter lesions in rat models of cerebral ischemia through activation of the BDNF/Neuregulin-1 pathway (Qu et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019a; Zheng et al., 2019). Here, STAT3 is linked to Cerebral ischemia.