Composed of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits, HIF-1α stabilizes under hypoxia by inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase activity, activating genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), GLUT1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) that promote tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion.61 Here, HIF1A is linked to neoplasm.