Pharmacological inhibition of NRP1 with EG00229 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of NRP1 in PAH-PAECs significantly downregulated the expression of key metabolic genes, including PKM2 (pyruvate kinase M2, a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme), PFK1 (phosphofructokinase-1, a key regulator of glycolysis), LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A, involved in anaerobic glycolysis), and GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1, mediating basal glucose uptake) (Fig. 4H). Here, HK1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.