Additionally, in the tumor tissues of EC patients with LVSI or LNM from 2014–2020 (Supplementary Table 5), a significant correlation between HOXB9 and ODC1 (r = 0.56, p = 0.02) is demonstrated by IHC (Fig. 3l), indicating the association between HOXB9 and ODC1 at the protein level. Here, ODC1 is linked to neoplasm.