When comparing GET with an empty plasmid to that with a plasmid encoding IL-12 in B16F10 and CT26 tumour cells, we observed that both plasmids induced an increase in mRNA levels of several DNA sensors, many of which are associated with cell death, most prominent among them DDX60 and ZBP1.79 However, cytokine profiling showed that some cytokines were expressed only after GET with the therapeutic IL-12 plasmid.79 This indicates that the cellular response to plasmid GET is multilayered, involving activation of multiple signalling cascades. This evidence concerns the gene ZBP1 and neoplasm.