NR4A1 and neoplasm: Implementing more accessible screening initiatives in both high-risk and general populations could contribute to the early detection of cancer, providing more opportunities for timely treatment and ultimately leading to improved mortality rates (Sung et al., 2021).Tumour biopsy is the gold standard, providing a histological evaluation of a tumour, including type, staging and hormone receptor presence (Ma et al., 2024; Vaidyanathan et al., 2018).