INS and Alzheimer disease: KEGG pathway analysis of 15 multi-DEIs revealed significant enrichment in the “response to insulin” pathway, implicating insulin signaling in synaptic neurotransmission and glial metabolism, processes known to influence neurodegeneration and AD pathology (Kolehmainen et al. 2003, Pedersen and Flynn 2004, Fehm et al. 2006, Mizuno et al. 2007, Stanley et al. 2016, Amarie et al. 2017, Arnold et al. 2018, Ferreira et al. 2018, Sedzikowska and Szablewski 2021, Smolders et al. 2021) (Fig. 11c).