VEGFA and neoplasm: Molecularly, angiogenesis is driven by classical angiogenic factors (e.g., vascular angiogenic growth factor-A (VEGF-A), fibroblast growth factor), while VM involves tumor cell plasticity, expression of endothelial markers (e.g., VE-cadherin), MMP activity, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-related pathways [20, 46, 48].