TNF and Stroke: The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies that did not meet the above inclusion criteria, including those involving paediatric or acute post‐stroke populations, animal models, other routes of etanercept administration or other anti‐TNF-α agents; (2) study designs that were not original clinical studies, such as systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, narrative reviews, editorials, or study protocols without patient‐level data; and (3) studies lacking sufficient data on neurological, functional, cognitive or safety outcomes.