BM-MSCs may also contribute to microenvironmental adaption through secretion of a series of factors such as transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) or exosomes rich in ‘quiescence inducing’ microRNAs, which regulate PCa cell dormancy, and has implications for PCa reactivation and relapse [62,63]. The gene discussed is THBS1; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.