INS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Additional categories included G-protein-mediated signaling (H-RAS, K-RAS, N-RAS, and Gα subunits), protein folding and maturation (insulin processing, CFTR regulation), and immune-related signaling (Treg regulation in COPD, IL-6 signaling in adipocytes, and CD4+ T-cell memory generation).