For instance, research involving 1036 middle-aged subjects (n = 1036) found that elevated GDF15 levels correlated with increased death rates, especially individuals of low socioeconomic status.[22] Bao et al, through a 2-decade cohort study, established GDF15 as a robust predictor of overall death risk.[23] Further supporting this, GDF15 demonstrated efficacy in predicting cancer-related mortality among patients with cardiovascular risk factors.[24] Collectively, these studies reinforce GDF15’s reliability as a mortality marker, particularly for older adults. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and cancer.