The data were consistent with clinical findings, indicating a significant increase in M1 macrophage ratio in the spleens, elevated M1-related cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-17), and reduced M2-related cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in ITP mice (Fig. 3A–D). Here, IL4 is linked to autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.