XDH and inflammatory bowel disease: Similar mechanisms have been documented in inflammatory bowel disease (Petrillo et al. 2024) and respiratory virus infections (Pratomo et al. 2021), where an hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was correlated with increased XO expression and activity, and support the inhibition of XO as a potential therapeutic target (Pratomo et al. 2021; Petrillo et al. 2024).