By grafting these sequences into structurally compatible scaffolds, we produced a panel of binders with diverse epitope specificities.20,23 After identifying binding candidates capable of differentiating monomeric and small aggregated IAPP species in vitro, we further utilized these candidates to quantify IAPP species in the serum of T2D patients using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy16,34 and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM).35,36. This evidence concerns the gene IAPP and type 2 diabetes mellitus.