CD40LG and Epstein-Barr virus infection: Primary EBV infection (primoinfection), often resulting in infectious mononucleosis, is initially characterized by a rise in anti-VCA IgM, followed by the emergence of anti-VCA IgG and anti-EBNA1 IgG, which remain detectable throughout life and signify previous EBV exposure (Lupo et al., 2023).