In PD, misfolded α‐syn and neuronal damage‐associated molecules (e.g., ATP, HMGB1) activate microglia through pattern recognition receptors including TLR2 and TLR4 [14], triggering a proinflammatory phenotype with cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) and ROS release [15]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Parkinson disease.