Patients with higher abundance of Prevotellaceae exhibit enhanced immune cell infiltration and more robust anti-tumor responses. Mechanistically,​​ Prevotellaceae ​may potentiate the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy by modulating immune factors​ (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-2) ​in the TME, thereby amplifying antitumor immunity.​ The gene discussed is IL2; the disease is neoplasm.