TNF and glioma: Although maximal safe resection is associated with better survival, the optimal resection extent remains uncertain, typically ranging from 95% to 100% for newly diagnosed cases.13 This study investigated the levels of CSF neuroendocrine factors (AVP, OT, β-EP) and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) in glioma patients, and their links to disease severity, nerve injury, and three years survival.