TNF and infection: Key findings included: significantly higher CSF AVP/OT/β-EP and serum TNF-α/IL-6/CRP in glioma patients than controls (p=0.00); positive correlations between these factors and disease severity (p<0.01); infection-induced further elevation of CSF factors, forming a vicious cycle with nerve injury; and TNF-α, IL-6, AVP, β-EP as independent 3-year survival risk factors (p<0.05).